Stockholm, October 7 : The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine has been awarded to Dr. Mary Brunkow and Dr. Fred Ramsdell from the United States, along with Japan’s renowned immunologist Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi. Their pioneering research has revolutionized the understanding of how the human immune system functions, particularly in preventing it from attacking the body’s own healthy cells. Their discovery is centered around “peripheral immune tolerance,” which explains why the immune system distinguishes between harmful invaders and the body’s own tissues.
As per agency report, Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi first identified regulatory T-cells (T-regs) in the 1990s. These special cells act as the “peacekeepers” of the immune system, maintaining balance and preventing autoimmunity by controlling excessive immune responses.
Dr. Mary Brunkow and Dr. Fred Ramsdell further revealed that these T-reg cells are regulated by a gene known as FOXP3. This gene plays a vital role in moderating immune responses. Any mutation in FOXP3 can cause the immune system to mistakenly attack the body’s own cells, leading to severe autoimmune diseases. This finding has become a cornerstone in medical research, paving the way for better diagnosis and treatment of such disorders.
Their work has opened new avenues in cancer immunotherapy, organ transplantation, and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The discovery has inspired the development of therapies that minimize side effects while preserving the body’s natural defense mechanisms.
Experts believe this landmark research is not only a testament to scientific brilliance but also a beacon of hope for millions suffering from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. The Nobel committee noted that this contribution represents a major step forward in understanding and harnessing the immune system for the betterment of humanity.
